oracle_oracle_数据库_实现行列转换的方法分析
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本文实例讲述了Oracle实现行列转换的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
1、固定列数的行列转换
如:
student subject grade
--------- ---------- --------
student1 语文 80
student1 数学 70
student1 英语 60
student2 语文 90
student2 数学 80
student2 英语 100
……
转换为:
语文 数学 英语
student1 80 70 60
student2 90 80 100
……
语句如下:
123456select
student,
sum
(decode(subject,
'语文'
, grade,
null
))
"语文"
,
sum
(decode(subject,
'数学'
, grade,
null
))
"数学"
,
sum
(decode(subject,
'英语'
, grade,
null
))
"英语"
from
table
group
by
student;
2、不定列行列转换
如:
123456789c1 c2
--- -----------
1 我
1 是
1 谁
2 知
2 道
3 不
……
转换为
1231 我是谁
2 知道
3 不
这一类型的转换可以借助于PL/SQL来完成,这里给一个例子
123456789101112CREATE
OR
REPLACE
FUNCTION
get_c2(tmp_c1 NUMBER)
RETURN
VARCHAR2
IS
Col_c2 VARCHAR2(4000);
BEGIN
FOR
cur
IN
(
SELECT
c2
FROM
t
WHERE
c1=tmp_c1) LOOP
Col_c2 := Col_c2||cur.c2;
END
LOOP;
Col_c2 := rtrim(Col_c2,1);
RETURN
Col_c2;
END
;
select
distinct
c1 ,get_c2(c1) cc2
from
table
;
或者不用pl/sql,利用分析函数和 CONNECT_BY 实现:
1234567SELECT
c1, SUBSTR (
MAX
(SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH (c2,
';'
)), 2)
NAME
FROM
(
SELECT
c1, c2, rn, LEAD (rn) OVER (PARTITION
BY
c1
ORDER
BY
rn) rn1
FROM
(
SELECT
c1, c2, ROW_NUMBER () OVER (
ORDER
BY
c2) rn
FROM
t))
START
WITH
rn1
IS
NULL
CONNECT
BY
rn1 =
PRIOR
rn
GROUP
BY
c1;
3、列数不固定(交叉表行列转置)
这种是比较麻烦的一种,需要借助pl/sql:
原始数据:
1234567CLASS1 CALLDATE CALLCOUNT
1 2005-08-08 40
1 2005-08-07 6
2 2005-08-08 77
3 2005-08-09 33
3 2005-08-08 9
3 2005-08-07 21
转置后:
12345CALLDATE CallCount1 CallCount2 CallCount3
------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
2005-08-09 0 0 33
2005-08-08 40 77 9
2005-08-07 6 0 21
试验如下:
1). 建立测试表和数据
123456789101112131415161718CREATE
TABLE
t(
class1 VARCHAR2(2 BYTE),
calldate
DATE
,
callcount
INTEGER
);
INSERT
INTO
t(class1, calldate, callcount)
VALUES
(
'1'
, TO_DATE (
'08/08/2005'
,
'MM/DD/YYYY'
), 40);
INSERT
INTO
t(class1, calldate, callcount)
VALUES
(
'1'
, TO_DATE (
'08/07/2005'
,
'MM/DD/YYYY'
), 6);
INSERT
INTO
t(class1, calldate, callcount)
VALUES
(
'2'
, TO_DATE (
'08/08/2005'
,
'MM/DD/YYYY'
), 77);
INSERT
INTO
t(class1, calldate, callcount)
VALUES
(
'3'
, TO_DATE (
'08/09/2005'
,
'MM/DD/YYYY'
), 33);
INSERT
INTO
t(class1, calldate, callcount)
VALUES
(
'3'
, TO_DATE (
'08/08/2005'
,
'MM/DD/YYYY'
), 9);
INSERT
INTO
t(class1, calldate, callcount)
VALUES
(
'3'
, TO_DATE (
'08/07/2005'
,
'MM/DD/YYYY'
), 21);
COMMIT
;
2). 建立ref cursor准备输出结果集
1234CREATE
OR
REPLACE
PACKAGE pkg_getrecord
IS
TYPE myrctype
IS
REF
CURSOR
;
END
pkg_getrecord;
3). 建立动态sql交叉表函数,输出结果集
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728CREATE
OR
REPLACE
FUNCTION
fn_rs
RETURN
pkg_getrecord.myrctype
IS
s VARCHAR2 (4000);
CURSOR
c1
IS
SELECT
',sum(case when Class1='
|| class1
||
' then CallCount else 0 end)'
||
' "CallCount'
|| class1
||
'"'
c2
FROM
t
GROUP
BY
class1;
r1 c1%ROWTYPE;
list_cursor pkg_getrecord.myrctype;
BEGIN
s :=
'select CallDate '
;
OPEN
c1;
LOOP
FETCH
c1
INTO
r1;
EXIT
WHEN
c1%NOTFOUND;
s := s || r1.c2;
END
LOOP;
CLOSE
c1;
s := s ||
' from T group by CallDate order by CallDate desc '
;
OPEN
list_cursor
FOR
s;
RETURN
list_cursor;
END
fn_rs;
4). 测试在sql plus下执行:
12345678var results refcursor;
exec
:results := fn_rs;
print results;
CALLDATE CallCount1 CallCount2 CallCount3
--------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
2005-08-09 0 0 33
2005-08-08 40 77 9
2005-08-07 6 0 21
说明:decode
DECODE(value, if1, then1, if2,then2, if3,then3, . . . else )
Value 代表某个表的任何类型的任意列或一个通过计算所得的任何结果。当每个value值被测试,如果value的值为if1,Decode 函数的结果是then1;如果value等于if2,Decode函数结果是then2;等等。事实上,可以给出多个if/then 配对。如果value结果不等于给出的任何配对时,Decode 结果就返回else 。
另外,还可以用decoder函数来比较大小,如下:
select decode(sign(变量1-变量2),-1,变量1,变量2) from dual; --取较小值
sign()函数根据某个值是0、正数还是负数,分别返回0、1、-1
例如:
变量1=10,变量2=20
则sign(变量1-变量2)返回-1,decode解码结果为“变量1”,达到了取较小值的目的。
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