Logstash同步MySql数据到Elasticsearch
目录
1 MySql数据到Elasticsearch
1.1 下载logstash
官网
https://www.elastic.co/cn/logstash/
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.6.0.tar.gz
1.2 解压logstash
tar -zxvf logstash-6.6.0.tar.gz
1.3 在logstash 目录创建 mysql 文件夹
[root@bigdata01 logstash-6.6.0]# mkdir mysql
1.4 将 mysql 驱动文件和数据库查询文件 放进mysql中
1.5 在config 目录下创建 mysqltoes.conf 文件
1.6 mysqltoes.conf 配置
input {
# 多张表的同步只需要设置多个jdbc的模块就行了
jdbc {
# mysql 数据库链接,shop为数据库名
jdbc_connection_string => "jdbc:mysql://ip:3306/mall?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&rewriteBatchedStatements=true"
# 用户名和密码
jdbc_user => "root"
jdbc_password => "root"
# 驱动
jdbc_driver_library => "/usr/local/logstash-6.6.0/mysql/mysql-connector-java-8.0.16.jar"
# 驱动类名
jdbc_driver_class => "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
#是否分页
jdbc_paging_enabled => "true"
jdbc_page_size => "50000"
#直接执行sql语句
# statement =>"select * from t_item"
# 执行的sql 文件路径+名称
statement_filepath => "/usr/local/logstash-6.6.0/mysql/item.sql"
# 默认列名转换为小写
lowercase_column_names => "false"
#设置监听间隔 各字段含义(由左至右)分、时、天、月、年,全部为*默认含义为每分钟都更新
schedule => "* * * * *"
# 索引类型
#type => "jdbc"
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
#es的ip和端口
hosts => ["http://ip:9200"]
#ES索引名称(自己定义的)
index => "mall"
#文档类型
document_type => "mall_item"
#设置数据的id为数据库中的字段
document_id => "%{iteId}"
}
stdout {
codec => json_lines
}
}
1.7 启动 logstash
前台启动:
[root@bigdata01 bin]# ./logstash -f ../config/mysqltoes.conf
后台启动:
[root@bigdata01 bin]# nohup ./logstash -f ../config/mysqltoes.conf >logstash.log &
2 配置语法讲解
logstash使用{ }来定义配置区域,区域内又可以包含其插件的区域配置。
# 最基本的配置文件定义,必须包含input 和 output。
input{
stdin{ }
}
output{
stdout{
codec=>rubydebug
}
}
# 如果需要对数据进操作,则需要加上filter段
input{
stdin{ }
}
filter{
# 里面可以包含各种数据处理的插件,如文本格式处理 grok、键值定义 kv、字段添加、
# geoip 获取地理位置信息等等...
}
output{
stdout{
codec=>rubydebug
}
}
# 可以定义多个输入源与多个输出位置
input{
stdin{ }
file{
path => ["/var/log/message"]
type => "system"
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
output{
stdout{
codec=>rubydebug
}
file {
path => "/var/datalog/mysystem.log.gz"
gzip => true
}
}
3 启动方式
# 通过手动指定配置文件启动
/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx_logstash.conf
# 以daemon方式运行,则在指令后面加一个 & 符号
/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx_logstash.conf &
# 如果是通过rpm包安装的logstash则可以使用自带的脚本启动
/etc/init.d/logstash start
# 通过这种方式启动,logstash会自动加载 /etc/logstash/conf.d/ 下的配置文件
4 filebeat基本讲解
filebeat是基于原先 logstash-forwarder 的源码开发而来,无需JAVA环境,运行起来更轻便,无疑是业务服务器端的日志收集工具。
配 置
# 配置文件路径 "/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml"
# 一个配置文件可以包含多个prospectors,一个prospectors可以包含多个path。
filebeat:
# List of prospectors to fetch data.
prospectors:
# Each - is a prospector. Below are the prospector specific configurations
-
paths:
- /var/log/messages
input_type: log
document_type: messages
-
paths:
- /alidata/log/nginx/access/access.log.json
input_type: log
document_type: nginxacclog
-
paths:
- /alidata/www/storage/logs/laravel.log
input_type: log
document_type: larlog
-
paths:
- /alidata/www/500_error/500_error.log
input_type: log
document_type: error500
-
paths:
- /alidata/www/deposit/deposit.log
input_type: log
document_type: deposit
-
paths:
- /alidata/www/call_error.log
input_type: log
document_type: call_error
-
paths:
- /alidata/www/weixin_deposit.log
input_type: log
document_type: weixin_deposit
-
paths:
- /alidata/log/php/php-fpm.log.slow
input_type: log
document_type: phpslowlog
# 多行处理
multiline:
pattern: '^[[:space:]]'
negate: true
match: after
# Additional prospector
registry_file: /var/lib/filebeat/registry
############################# Libbeat Config ##################################
# Base config file used by all other beats for using libbeat features
############################# Output ##########################################
# 输出数据到 redis
output:
redis:
host: "10.122.52.129"
port: 6379
password: "123456"
# 输出数据到 logstash ,一般两者选用其一
logstash:
hosts: ["10.160.8.221:5044"]
############################# Shipper #########################################
shipper:
# 打上服务器tag
name: "host_2"
############################# Logging #########################################
logging:
files:
rotateeverybytes: 10485760 # = 10MB
filebeat主要配置就是这个配置文件了,设定好之后启动服务就会自动从源拉取数据发送到指定位置,当数据为普通行数据时,filebeat会自动为其添加字段信息,其中一项字段 @timestamp 为filebeat读取到这条数据的时间,默认格式为UTC时间,比中国大陆时间早8小时。
如果数据为json格式,而数据中已包含@timestamp字段,filebeat处理时会把@timestamp字段值替换为filebeat读取到该行数据的当前UTC时间。
5 实战运用
5.1 业务到redis到es之间迁移
nginx 日志格式配置
log_format json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
'"slbip":"$remote_addr",'
'"clientip":"$http_x_forwarded_for",'
'"serverip":"$server_addr",'
'"size":$body_bytes_sent,'
'"responsetime":$request_time,'
'"domain":"$host",'
'"method":"$request_method",'
'"requesturi":"$request_uri",'
'"url":"$uri",'
'"appversion":"$HTTP_APP_VERSION",'
'"referer":"$http_referer",'
'"agent":"$http_user_agent",'
'"status":"$status"}';
filebeat 配置
filebeat:
# List of prospectors to fetch data.
prospectors:
# Each - is a prospector. Below are the prospector specific configurations
-
paths:
- /alidata/log/nginx/access/access.log.json
input_type: log
document_type: nginxacclog
############################# Output ##########################################
output:
logstash:
hosts: ["10.160.8.221:5044"]
# 其他部分配置省略。
logstash 配置 (此处logstash用于接收filebeat的数据,然后转存redis)
input {
beats {
port => 5044
codec => "json"
}
}
filter {
if [type] == "nginxacclog" {
geoip {
source => "clientip"
target => "geoip"
database => "/u01/elk/logstash/GeoLiteCity.dat"
add_field => [ "[geoip][coordinates]","%{[geoip][longitude]}" ]
add_field => [ "[geoip][coordinates]","%{[geoip][latitude]}" ]
}
mutate {
convert => [ "[geoip][coordinates]","float" ]
}
}
}
output{
if [type] == "nginxacclog" {
redis {
data_type => "list"
key => "nginxacclog"
host => "127.0.0.1"
port => "26379"
password => "123456"
db => "0"
}
}
if [type] == "messages" {
redis {
data_type => "list"
key => "messages"
host => "127.0.0.1"
port => "26379"
password => "123456"
db => "0"
}
}
}
logstash 配置 (此处logstash用于读取redis list中的数据,然后转存elasticsearch)
input{
redis {
host => "10.10.1.2"
port => "26379"
db => "0"
key => "nginxacclog"
threads => 300
password => "123456"
data_type => "list"
codec => "json"
}
redis {
host => "10.10.1.2"
port => "26379"
db => "0"
key => "messages"
password => "123456"
threads => 50
data_type => "list"
codec => "json"
}
}
output {
if [type] == "nginxacclog" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["127.0.0.1:9200"]
index => "logstash-nginxacclog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
manage_template => true
flush_size => 50000
idle_flush_time => 10
workers => 2
}
}
if [type] == "messages" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["127.0.0.1:9200"]
index => "logstash-messages-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
manage_template => true
flush_size => 50000
idle_flush_time => 30
workers => 1
}
}
}
关键指令解释:
threads 开启多少个线程读取redis数据,也就是从redis输入到logstash的速度,线程越多读取速度越快,但是根据接收节点的接收速度来设置,如果输入过快,接收速度不够,则会出现丢数据的情况,设置一个最佳的threads值需要和接收节点做反复测试才能得出。
flush_size 控制logstash向Elasticsearch批量发送数据,上面的配置表示,logstash会努力赞到50000条数据一次发送给Elasticsearch。
idle_flush_time 控制logstash多长时间向Elasticsearch发送一次数据,默认为1秒,根据以上配置,logstash积攒数据未到flush_size 10秒后也会向Elasticsearch发送一次数据。
workers 建议设置为1或2,如果机器性能不错可以设置为2. 不建议设置的更高。
5.2 业务到redis到mongo
filebeat 配置(从日志文件读取到的数据直接缓存至redis队列)
filebeat:
# List of prospectors to fetch data.
prospectors:
# Each - is a prospector. Below are the prospector specific configurations
-
paths:
- /alidata/log/nginx/access/access.log.json
input_type: log
document_type: nginxacclog
############################# Output ##########################################
output:
redis:
host: "10.160.8.221"
port: 26379
password: "123456"
document_type 自定义日志类型,在logstash中可通过type判断做不同的处理。
logstash 配置 (此处logstash用于读取redis list中的数据,然后转存mongodb)
input {
redis {
host => "10.160.8.221"
port => "26379"
key => "filebeat"
data_type => "list"
password => "123456"
threads => 50
}
redis {
host => "10.160.8.221"
port => "26379"
key => "mycat"
data_type => "list"
password => "123456"
threads => 50
type => "mycat"
}
}
output {
if [type] == "mycat" {
mongodb{
collection => "mycat%{+yyyyMMdd}"
isodate => true
database => "logdb"
uri => "mongodb://log_user:123456@10.10.1.102:27017/logdb"
}
}
if [type_xi09wnk] == "nginxacclog" {
mongodb{
collection => "nginx_accress%{years_dik3k}%{months_dik3k}%{days_dik3k}"
isodate => true
database => "logdb"
uri => "mongodb://log_user:123456@10.10.1.102:27017/logdb"
}
}
}
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