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利用Flume 汇入数据到HBase:Flume-hbase-sink 使用方法详解

15 11月
作者:admin|分类:大数据

导读:作者在上一篇文章中:https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1025430《Flume-Hbase-Sink针对不同版本flume与HBase的适配研究与经验总结》,详细描述了两大类HBaseSinks:org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.HBaseSink(简称HBaseSink),以及org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.AsyncHBaseSink(简称AsyncHBaseSink)对于不同版本的flume以及不同版本的HBase之间的兼容性问题,并给出了详细源码解读。

本文作者将会详细描述这两大类HBaseSinks 对应的三种序列化模式的使用方法。本文在第一章节详细解读官方文档的使用说明,第二章节里面使用具体的案例来说明具体用法,在第三章节里面给出一个多source、多channel、多sink的复杂案例。

一、HBasesinks的三种序列化模式使用说明

1.1 HBasesink--SimpleHbaseEventSerializer

如下是展示如何使用 HBasesink--SimpleHbaseEventSerializer:

agenttest.channels = memoryChannel-1
agenttest.sinks = hbaseSink-1
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-1.type = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.HBaseSink
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-1.table = test_hbase_table  //HBase表名
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-1.columnFamily = familycolumn-1  //HBase表的列族名称
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-1.serializer= org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.SimpleHbaseEventSerializer
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-1.serializer.payloadColumn = columnname  //HBase表的列族下的某个列名称
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-1.channels = memoryChannel-1

注:当指定存入到HBase表的某个列族的指定列column时,不能写成:

agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-1.columnName = columnname
或者:
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-1.column = columnname

这些都是网上的错误写法!另外两个序列化模式也是不能这样使用。

1.2 HBasesink--RegexHbaseEventSerializer

如下是展示如何使用 HBasesink--RegexHbaseEventSerializer(使用正则匹配切割event,然后存入HBase表的多个列):

agenttest.channels = memoryChannel-2
agenttest.sinks = hbaseSink-2
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-2.type = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.HBaseSink
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-2.table = test_hbase_table
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-2.columnFamily = familycolumn-2
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-2.serializer= org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.RegexHbaseEventSerializer
// 比如我要对nginx日志做分割,然后按列存储HBase,正则匹配分成的列为: ([xxx] [yyy] [zzz] [nnn] ...) 这种格式, 所以用下面的正则:
agent.sinks.hbaseSink-2.serializer.regex = \\[(.*?)\\]\\ \\[(.*?)\\]\\ \\[(.*?)\\]\\ \\[(.*?)\\]
// 指定上面正则匹配到的数据对应的hbase的familycolumn-2 列族下的4个cloumn列名
agent.sinks.hbaseSink-2.serializer.colNames = column-1,column-2,column-3,column-4
#agent.sinks.hbaseSink-2.serializer.payloadColumn = test
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-2.channels = memoryChannel-2

1.3 AsyncHBaseSink--SimpleAsyncHbaseEventSerializer

如下是展示如何使用 AsyncHBaseSink--SimpleAsyncHbaseEventSerializer: 

agenttest.channels = memoryChannel-3
agenttest.sinks = hbaseSink-3
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-3.type = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.AsyncHBaseSink
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-3.table = test_hbase_table
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-3.columnFamily = familycolumn-3
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-3.serializer = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.SimpleAsyncHbaseEventSerializer
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-3.serializer.payloadColumn = columnname  //HBase表的列族下的某个列名称
agenttest.sinks.hbaseSink-3.channels = memoryChannel-3 

二、具体案例示例---利用flume+HBase构建大数据采集汇总系统

2.1 利用SimpleHbaseEventSerializer序列化模式

我们首先在HBase里面建立一个表mikeal-hbase-table,拥有familyclom1和familyclom2两个列族:

hbase(main):102:0> create 'mikeal-hbase-table','familyclom1','familyclom2'
0 row(s) in 1.2490 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - mikeal-hbase-table

然后写一个flume的配置文件test-flume-into-hbase.conf:

# 从文件读取实时消息,不做处理直接存储到Hbase
agent.sources = logfile-source
agent.channels = file-channel
agent.sinks = hbase-sink

# logfile-source配置
agent.sources.logfile-source.type = exec
agent.sources.logfile-source.command = tail -f /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log
agent.sources.logfile-source.checkperiodic = 50
# 组合source和channel
agent.sources.logfile-source.channels = file-channel

# channel配置,使用本地file
agent.channels.file-channel.type = file
agent.channels.file-channel.checkpointDir = /data/flume-hbase-test/checkpoint
agent.channels.file-channel.dataDirs = /data/flume-hbase-test/data

# sink 配置为HBaseSink 和 SimpleHbaseEventSerializer
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.type = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.HBaseSink
#HBase表名
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.table = mikeal-hbase-table
#HBase表的列族名称
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.columnFamily  = familyclom1
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.serializer = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.SimpleHbaseEventSerializer
#HBase表的列族下的某个列名称
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.serializer.payloadColumn = cloumn-1
# 组合sink和channel
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.channel = file-channel

从配置文件可以看出,我们选择本地的/data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log日志目录作为实时数据采集源,选择本地文件目录/data/flume-hbase-test/data作为channel,选择HBase为为sink(也就是数据流向写入HBase)。

注意:提交 flume-ng 任务的用户,比如flume用户,必须要有/data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log /data/flume-hbase-test/data 目录与文件的读写权限;也必须要有HBase的读写权限。

启动Flume:

bin/flume-ng agent --name agent --conf /etc/flume/conf/agent/ --conf-file /etc/flume/conf/agent/test-flume-into-hbase.conf -Dflume.root.logger=DEBUG,console

在另外一个shell客户端,输入:

echo "nging-1" >> /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log;
echo "nging-2" >> /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log;

再查看mikeal-hbase-table表:

数据已经作为value插入到表里面。

2.2 利用SimpleAsyncHbaseEventSerializer序列化模式

为了示例清晰,先把mikeal-hbase-table表数据清空:

truncate 'mikeal-hbase-table'

然后写一个flume的配置文件test-flume-into-hbase-2.conf:

# 从文件读取实时消息,不做处理直接存储到Hbase
agent.sources = logfile-source
agent.channels = file-channel
agent.sinks = hbase-sink# logfile-source配置
agent.sources.logfile-source.type = exec
agent.sources.logfile-source.command = tail -f /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log
agent.sources.logfile-source.checkperiodic = 50

# channel配置,使用本地file
agent.channels.file-channel.type = file
agent.channels.file-channel.checkpointDir = /data/flume-hbase-test/checkpoint
agent.channels.file-channel.dataDirs = /data/flume-hbase-test/data

# sink 配置为 Hbase
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.type = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.AsyncHBaseSink
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.table = mikeal-hbase-table
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.columnFamily  = familyclom1
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.serializer = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.SimpleAsyncHbaseEventSerializer
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.serializer.payloadColumn = cloumn-1

# 组合source、sink和channel
agent.sources.logfile-source.channels = file-channel
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.channel = file-channel

启动Flume:

bin/flume-ng agent --name agent --conf /etc/flume/conf/agent/ --conf-file /etc/flume/conf/agent/test-flume-into-hbase-2.conf -Dflume.root.logger=DEBUG,console

在另外一个shell客户端,输入:

echo "nging-1" >> /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log;
echo "nging-two" >> /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log;
echo "nging-three" >> /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log;

再查看mikeal-hbase-table表:

2.3 利用RegexHbaseEventSerializer序列化模式

RegexHbaseEventSerializer可以使用正则匹配切割event,然后存入HBase表的多个列。因此,本文简单展示如何使用RegexHbaseEventSerializer对event进行切割然后存存入HBase的多个列。

为了示例清晰,先把mikeal-hbase-table表数据清空:

truncate 'mikeal-hbase-table'

然后写一个flume的配置文件test-flume-into-hbase-3.conf:

# 从文件读取实时消息,不做处理直接存储到Hbase
agent.sources = logfile-source
agent.channels = file-channel
agent.sinks = hbase-sink

# logfile-source配置
agent.sources.logfile-source.type = exec
agent.sources.logfile-source.command = tail -f /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log
agent.sources.logfile-source.checkperiodic = 50

# channel配置,使用本地file
agent.channels.file-channel.type = file
agent.channels.file-channel.checkpointDir = /data/flume-hbase-test/checkpoint
agent.channels.file-channel.dataDirs = /data/flume-hbase-test/data

# sink 配置为 Hbase
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.type = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.HBaseSink
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.table = mikeal-hbase-table
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.columnFamily  = familyclom1
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.serializer = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.RegexHbaseEventSerializer
# 比如我要对nginx日志做分割,然后按列存储HBase,正则匹配分成的列为: ([xxx] [yyy] [zzz] [nnn] ...) 这种格式, 所以用下面的正则:
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.serializer.regex = \\[(.*?)\\]\\ \\[(.*?)\\]\\ \\[(.*?)\\]
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.serializer.colNames = time,url,number

# 组合source、sink和channel
agent.sources.logfile-source.channels = file-channel
agent.sinks.hbase-sink.channel = file-channel

启动Flume:

bin/flume-ng agent --name agent --conf /etc/flume/conf/agent/ --conf-file /etc/flume/conf/agent/test-flume-into-hbase-3.conf -Dflume.root.logger=DEBUG,console

在另外一个shell客户端,输入:

echo "[2016-12-22-19:59:59] [http://www.qq.com] [10]" >> /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log;
echo "[2016-12-22 20:00:12] [http://qzone.qq.com] [19]" >> /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log;

再查看mikeal-hbase-table表:

可以看到数据已经按照规则:正则匹配分成的列为: ([xxx] [yyy] [zzz] [nnn] ...) ,进行切割,并且顺利地存入到mikeal-hbase-table表的time,url,number的三个column列。

三、多source,多channel和多sink的复杂案例

本文接下来展示一个比较复杂的flume导入数据到HBase的实际案例:多souce、多channel和多sink的场景。为了示例清晰,先把mikeal-hbase-table表数据清空:

truncate 'mikeal-hbase-table'

然后写一个flume的配置文件test-flume-into-hbase-multi-position.conf:

# 从文件读取实时消息,不做处理直接存储到Hbase
agent.sources = logfile-source-1 logfile-source-2
agent.channels = file-channel-1 file-channel-2
agent.sinks = hbase-sink-1 hbase-sink-2

# logfile-source配置
agent.sources.logfile-source-1.type = exec
agent.sources.logfile-source-1.command = tail -f /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/nginx.log
agent.sources.logfile-source-1.checkperiodic = 50

agent.sources.logfile-source-2.type = exec
agent.sources.logfile-source-2.command = tail -f /data/flume-hbase-test/mkhbasetable/data/tomcat.log
agent.sources.logfile-source-2.checkperiodic = 50

# channel配置,使用本地file
agent.channels.file-channel-1.type = file
agent.channels.file-channel-1.checkpointDir = /data/flume-hbase-test/checkpoint
agent.channels.file-channel-1.dataDirs = /data/flume-hbase-test/data

agent.channels.file-channel-2.type = file
agent.channels.file-channel-2.checkpointDir = /data/flume-hbase-test/checkpoint2
agent.channels.file-channel-2.dataDirs = /data/flume-hbase-test/data2

# sink 配置为 Hbase
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-1.type = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.HBaseSink
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-1.table = mikeal-hbase-table
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-1.columnFamily  = familyclom1
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-1.serializer = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.RegexHbaseEventSerializer
# 比如我要对nginx日志做分割,然后按列存储HBase,正则匹配分成的列为: ([xxx] [yyy] [zzz] [nnn] ...) 这种格式, 所以用下面的正则:
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-1.serializer.regex = \\[(.*?)\\]\\ \\[(.*?)\\]\\ \\[(.*?)\\]
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-1.serializer.colNames = time,url,number

agent.sinks.hbase-sink-2.type = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.HBaseSink
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-2.table = mikeal-hbase-table
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-2.columnFamily  = familyclom2
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-2.serializer = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.RegexHbaseEventSerializer
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-2.serializer.regex = \\[(.*?)\\]\\ \\[(.*?)\\]\\ \\[(.*?)\\]
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-2.serializer.colNames = time,IP,number

# 组合source、sink和channel
agent.sources.logfile-source-1.channels = file-channel-1
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-1.channel = file-channel-1

agent.sources.logfile-source-2.channels = file-channel-2
agent.sinks.hbase-sink-2.channel = file-channel-2

启动Flume:

bin/flume-ng agent --name agent --conf /etc/flume/conf/agent/ --conf-file /etc/flume/conf/agent/test-flume-into-hbase-multi-position.conf -Dflume.root.logger=DEBUG,console

在另外一个shell客户端,输入:

echo "[2016-12-22 20:04:12] [http://music.user.qq.com] [16]" >> nginx.log;
echo "[2016-12-22 20:04:13] [123.41.90.135] [22]" >> tomcat.log;
echo "[2016-12-22 20:05:19] [http://xuetang.vip.qq.com] [24]" >> nginx.log;
echo "[2016-12-22 20:05:21] [134.92.146.109] [25]" >> tomcat.log;

再查看mikeal-hbase-table表:

可以看到数据已经按照规则:正则匹配分成的列为: ([xxx] [yyy] [zzz] [nnn] ...) ,进行切割,并且顺利地存入到mikeal-hbase-table表,并且按照familyclom1 和 familyclom2 两个列族分配存到三个cloumn列里面。

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Flume学习之路 (一)Flume的基础介绍 Hbase表两种数据备份方法-导入和导出示例