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Mongodb副本集＋分片集群环境部署记录

21 11月
作者:admin|分类:DBA运维

 

前面详细介绍了mongodb的副本集和分片的原理，这里就不赘述了。下面记录Mongodb副本集＋分片集群环境部署过程：

MongoDB Sharding Cluster，需要三种角色：

Shard Server: mongod 实例，用于存储实际的数据块，实际生产环境中一个shard server角色可由几台机器组个一个relica set承担，防止主机单点故障
Config Server: mongod 实例，存储了整个 Cluster Metadata，其中包括 chunk 信息。
Route Server: mongos 实例，前端路由，客户端由此接入，且让整个集群看上去像单一数据库，前端应用可以透明使用。

机器信息：

分别在3台机器运行一个mongod实例（称为mongod shard11，mongod shard12，mongod shard13）组织replica set1，作为cluster的shard1
分别在3台机器运行一个mongod实例（称为mongod shard21，mongod shard22，mongod shard23）组织replica set2，作为cluster的shard2
每台机器运行一个mongod实例，作为3个config server
每台机器运行一个mongos进程，用于客户端连接

1）安装mongodb (3台机器都要操作)
下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1hsoVcpQ           提取密码：6zp4
[root@slave1 src]# cd
[root@slave1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@slave1 src]# ll mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.tgz
[root@slave1 src]# tar -zvxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.tgz
[root@slave1 src]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6 mongodb
 
2)创建sharding数据目录
根据本例sharding架构图所示，在各台sever上创建shard数据文件目录
slave1
[root@slave1 src]# mkdir /home/services/
[root@slave1 src]# mv mongodb /home/services/
[root@slave1 src]# cd /home/services/mongodb/
[root@slave1 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard11
[root@slave1 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard21
 
slave2
[root@slave2 src]# mkdir /home/services/
[root@slave2 src]# mv mongodb /home/services/
[root@slave2 src]# cd /home/services/mongodb/
[root@slave2 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard12
[root@slave2 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard22
 
slave3
[root@slave3 src]# mkdir /home/services/
[root@slave3 src]# mv mongodb /home/services/
[root@slave3 src]# cd /home/services/mongodb/
[root@slave3 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard13
[root@slave3 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard23
 
3）配置relica sets
3.1）配置shard1所用到的replica sets 1:
slave1
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 27018 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard11 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard11.log --logappend --fork
 
slave2
[root@slave2 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 27018 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard12 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard12.log --logappend --fork
 
slave3
[root@slave3 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 27018 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard13 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard13.log --logappend --fork
 
检车各个机器上的mongod进程是否正常起来了（ps -ef|grep mongod），27018端口是否正常起来了
 
3.2）初始化replica set 1
从3台机器中任意找一台，连接mongod
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongo --port 27018
......
> config = {"_id" : "shard1","members" : [{"_id" : 0,"host" : "182.48.115.236:27018"},{"_id" : 1,"host" : "182.48.115.237:27018"},{"_id" : 2,"host" : "182.48.115.238:27018"}]}
{
  "_id" : "shard1",
  "members" : [
    {
      "_id" : 0,
      "host" : "182.48.115.236:27018"
    },
    {
      "_id" : 1,
      "host" : "182.48.115.237:27018"
    },
    {
      "_id" : 2,
      "host" : "182.48.115.238:27018"
    }
  ]
}
> rs.initiate(config);
{ "ok" : 1 }
 
3.3）配置shard2所用到的replica sets 2:
slave1
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 27019 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard21 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard21.log --logappend --fork
 
slave2
[root@slave2 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 27019 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard22 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard22.log --logappend --fork
 
slave3
[root@slave3 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 27019 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard23 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard23.log --logappend --fork
 
3.4）初始化replica set 2
从3台机器中任意找一台，连接mongod
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongo --port 27019
......
> config = {"_id" : "shard2","members" : [{"_id" : 0,"host" : "182.48.115.236:27019"},{"_id" : 1,"host" : "182.48.115.237:27019"},{"_id" : 2,"host" : "182.48.115.238:27019"}]}
{
  "_id" : "shard2",
  "members" : [
    {
      "_id" : 0,
      "host" : "182.48.115.236:27019"
    },
    {
      "_id" : 1,
      "host" : "182.48.115.237:27019"
    },
    {
      "_id" : 2,
      "host" : "182.48.115.238:27019"
    }
  ]
}
> rs.initiate(config);
{ "ok" : 1 }
 
4）配置三台config server
slave1
[root@slave1 ~]# mkdir -p /home/services/mongodb/data/config
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --configsvr --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config --port 20000 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config.log --logappend --fork
 
slave2
[root@slave2 ~]# mkdir -p /home/services/mongodb/data/config
[root@slave2 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --configsvr --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config --port 20000 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config.log --logappend --fork
 
slave3
[root@slave3 ~]# mkdir -p /home/services/mongodb/data/config
[root@slave3 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --configsvr --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config --port 20000 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config.log --logappend --fork
 
5）配置mongs
在三台机器上分别执行：
slave1
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongos --configdb 182.48.115.236:20000,182.48.115.237:20000,182.48.115.238:20000 --port 27017 --chunkSize 5 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/mongos.log --logappend --fork
 
slave2
[root@slave2 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongos --configdb 182.48.115.236:20000,182.48.115.237:20000,182.48.115.238:20000 --port 27017 --chunkSize 5 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/mongos.log --logappend --fork
 
slave3
[root@slave3 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongos --configdb 182.48.115.236:20000,182.48.115.237:20000,182.48.115.238:20000 --port 27017 --chunkSize 5 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/mongos.log --logappend --fork
 
注意：新版版的mongodb的mongos命令里就不识别--chunkSize参数了

6）配置分片集群（Configuring the Shard Cluster） 
从3台机器中任意找一台，连接mongod，并切换到admin数据库做以下配置 

6.1）连接到mongs，并切换到admin
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongo 182.48.115.236:27017/admin
......
mongos> db
admin
mongos> 

6.2）加入shards分区
如里shard是单台服务器，用"db.runCommand( { addshard : “[:]” } )"这样的命令加入
如果shard是replica sets，用"replicaSetName/[:port][,serverhostname2[:port],…]"这样的格式表示，例如本例执行：
mongos> db.runCommand( { addshard:"shard1/182.48.115.236:27018,182.48.115.237:27018,182.48.115.238:27018",name:"s1",maxsize:20480});
{ "shardAdded" : "s1", "ok" : 1 }
mongos> db.runCommand( { addshard:"shard2/182.48.115.236:27019,182.48.115.237:27019,182.48.115.238:27019",name:"s2",maxsize:20480});
{ "shardAdded" : "s2", "ok" : 1 }

注意： 
可选参数 
Name:用于指定每个shard的名字，不指定的话系统将自动分配 
maxSize:指定各个shard可使用的最大磁盘空间，单位megabytes

6.3）Listing shards
mongos> db.runCommand( { listshards : 1 } )
{
        "shards" : [
                {
                        "_id" : "s1",
                        "host" : "shard1/182.48.115.236:27018,182.48.115.237:27018,182.48.115.238:27018"
                },
                {
                        "_id" : "s2",
                        "host" : "shard2/182.48.115.236:27019,182.48.115.237:27019,182.48.115.238:27019"
                }
        ],
        "ok" : 1
}
mongos>

上面命令列出了以上二个添加的shards，表示shards已经配置成功

6.4）激活数据库分片 
命令：
db.runCommand( { enablesharding : “” } ); 
通过执行以上命令，可以让数据库跨shard，如果不执行这步，数据库只会存放在一个shard，一旦激活数据库分片，数据库中不同的collection将被存放在不同的shard上，
但一个collection仍旧存放在同一个shard上，要使单个collection也分片，还需单独对collection作些操作

Collecton分片 
要使单个collection也分片存储，需要给collection指定一个分片key，通过以下命令操作：
db.runCommand( { shardcollection : “”,key : }); 

注意：
a）分片的collection系统会自动创建一个索引（也可用户提前创建好） 
b）分片的collection只能有一个在分片key上的唯一索引，其它唯一索引不被允许

本案例：
mongos> db.runCommand({enablesharding:"test2"});
{ "ok" : 1 }
mongos> db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "test2.books", key : { id : 1 } } );
{ "collectionsharded" : "test2.books", "ok" : 1 }
mongos> use test2
switched to db test2
mongos> db.stats();
{
        "raw" : {
                "shard1/182.48.115.236:27018,182.48.115.237:27018,182.48.115.238:27018" : {
                        "db" : "test2",
                        "collections" : 3,
                        "objects" : 6,
                        "avgObjSize" : 69.33333333333333,
                        "dataSize" : 416,
                        "storageSize" : 20480,
                        "numExtents" : 3,
                        "indexes" : 2,
                        "indexSize" : 16352,
                        "fileSize" : 67108864,
                        "nsSizeMB" : 16,
                        "extentFreeList" : {
                                "num" : 0,
                                "totalSize" : 0
                        },
                        "dataFileVersion" : {
                                "major" : 4,
                                "minor" : 22
                        },
                        "ok" : 1,
                        "$gleStats" : {
                                "lastOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                                "electionId" : ObjectId("586286596422d63aa9f9f000")
                        }
                },
                "shard2/182.48.115.236:27019,182.48.115.237:27019,182.48.115.238:27019" : {
                        "db" : "test2",
                        "collections" : 0,
                        "objects" : 0,
                        "avgObjSize" : 0,
                        "dataSize" : 0,
                        "storageSize" : 0,
                        "numExtents" : 0,
                        "indexes" : 0,
                        "indexSize" : 0,
                        "fileSize" : 0,
                        "ok" : 1
                }
        },
        "objects" : 6,
        "avgObjSize" : 69,
        "dataSize" : 416,
        "storageSize" : 20480,
        "numExtents" : 3,
        "indexes" : 2,
        "indexSize" : 16352,
        "fileSize" : 67108864,
        "extentFreeList" : {
                "num" : 0,
                "totalSize" : 0
        },
        "ok" : 1
}
mongos> db.books.stats();
{
        "sharded" : true,
        "paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard coded to 1.0 for c                                        ompatibility only.",
        "userFlags" : 1,
        "capped" : false,
        "ns" : "test2.books",
        "count" : 0,
        "numExtents" : 1,
        "size" : 0,
        "storageSize" : 8192,
        "totalIndexSize" : 16352,
        "indexSizes" : {
                "_id_" : 8176,
                "id_1" : 8176
        },
        "avgObjSize" : 0,
        "nindexes" : 2,
        "nchunks" : 1,
        "shards" : {
                "s1" : {
                        "ns" : "test2.books",
                        "count" : 0,
                        "size" : 0,
                        "numExtents" : 1,
                        "storageSize" : 8192,
                        "lastExtentSize" : 8192,
                        "paddingFactor" : 1,
                        "paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard co                                        ded to 1.0 for compatibility only.",
                        "userFlags" : 1,
                        "capped" : false,
                        "nindexes" : 2,
                        "totalIndexSize" : 16352,
                        "indexSizes" : {
                                "_id_" : 8176,
                                "id_1" : 8176
                        },
                        "ok" : 1,
                        "$gleStats" : {
                                "lastOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                                "electionId" : ObjectId("586286596422d63aa9f9f000")
                        }
                }
        },
        "ok" : 1
}


7）测试
mongos> for (var i = 1; i <= 20000; i++) db.books.save({id:i,name:"12345678",sex:"male",age:27,value:"test"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
mongos> db.books.stats();
{
        "sharded" : true,
        "paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard coded to 1.0 for compatibility only.",
        "userFlags" : 1,
        "capped" : false,
        "ns" : "test2.books",
        "count" : 20000,
        "numExtents" : 10,
        "size" : 2240000,
        "storageSize" : 5586944,
        "totalIndexSize" : 1250928,
        "indexSizes" : {
                "_id_" : 670432,
                "id_1" : 580496
        },
        "avgObjSize" : 112,
        "nindexes" : 2,
        "nchunks" : 5,
        "shards" : {
                "s1" : {
                        "ns" : "test2.books",
                        "count" : 12300,
                        "size" : 1377600,
                        "avgObjSize" : 112,
                        "numExtents" : 5,
                        "storageSize" : 2793472,
                        "lastExtentSize" : 2097152,
                        "paddingFactor" : 1,
                        "paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard coded to 1.0 for compatibility only.",
                        "userFlags" : 1,
                        "capped" : false,
                        "nindexes" : 2,
                        "totalIndexSize" : 760368,
                        "indexSizes" : {
                                "_id_" : 408800,
                                "id_1" : 351568
                        },
                        "ok" : 1,
                        "$gleStats" : {
                                "lastOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                                "electionId" : ObjectId("586286596422d63aa9f9f000")
                        }
                },
                "s2" : {
                        "ns" : "test2.books",
                        "count" : 7700,
                        "size" : 862400,
                        "avgObjSize" : 112,
                        "numExtents" : 5,
                        "storageSize" : 2793472,
                        "lastExtentSize" : 2097152,
                        "paddingFactor" : 1,
                        "paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard coded to 1.0 for compatibility only.",
                        "userFlags" : 1,
                        "capped" : false,
                        "nindexes" : 2,
                        "totalIndexSize" : 490560,
                        "indexSizes" : {
                                "_id_" : 261632,
                                "id_1" : 228928
                        },
                        "ok" : 1,
                        "$gleStats" : {
                                "lastOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                                "electionId" : ObjectId("58628704f916bb05014c5ea7")
                        }
                }
        },
        "ok" : 1
}

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