Oracle11G RAC集群安装部署
作者:IT邦德
中国DBA联盟(ACDU)成员,目前从事DBA及程序编程
(Web\java\Python)工作,主要服务于生产制造
现拥有 Oracle 11g OCP/OCM、
Mysql、Oceanbase(OBCA)认证
分布式TBase\TDSQL数据库、国产达梦数据库以及红帽子认证
从业8年DBA工作,在数据库领域有丰富的经验
擅长主流数据Oracle、MySQL、PG 运维开发,备份恢复,安装迁移,性能优化、故障应急处理等。
文章目录
- 前言
前言
无论你是想从事数据库工作的大学生、求职者,还是为了转型、增长月薪的各行业在职者, Oracle的安装高可用RAC安装部署将是提升你个人实力、提升薪酬的重要利器, 它将成为你迈入数据库DBA 职业大门的第一块敲门砖和阶梯。本文介绍了RAC的原理以及RHEL6.4操作系统安装部署Oracle11G的详细过程
希望给各位大学僧,网友,DBA们一些帮助,我是一个乐于分享的人,大家点赞关注哈
1.RHEL 6.4 操作系统安装
具体安装步骤参考以下博客
RHEL 6.4 操作系统安装文档
视频教程:
RHEL 6.4 操作系统安装视频教程
2.虚拟机设置
2.1 网卡添加
节点 1:rac1,添加两块网卡,一块 NAT 模式,一块仅主机模式,添加共享文件夹
节点 2:rac2,添加两块网卡,一块 NAT 模式,一块仅主机模式,添加共享文件夹
注:MAC地址重新生成
2.2 网络设置
注意:2台服务器均做设置,并修改对应的Mac地址
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=00:50:56:3D:59:C1
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=d75da050-2a7c-4c1a-877d-103596eff910
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
GATEWAY=192.168.1.4
IPADDR=192.168.1.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
DEVICE=eth1
HWADDR=00:50:56:25:4D:F5
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=d75da050-2a7c-4c1a-877d-103596eff910
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
#GATEWAY=192.168.1.4
IPADDR=192.168.6.118
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
service network restart --重启网络
reboot --重启系统
2.3.修改Linux防火墙设置
重启后生效
开启: chkconfig iptables on
关闭: chkconfig iptables off
即时生效,重启后失效
开启: service iptables start
关闭: service iptables stop
2.4 Linux系统的安全服务
永久方法 – 需要重启服务器
修改/etc/selinux/config文件中设置SELINUX=disabled ,然后重启服务器
查看状态为:/usr/sbin/sestatus
2.5.Host文件配置
vi /etc/hosts
节点1和节点2相同
#eth0 public
192.168.1.10 rac1
192.168.1.11 rac2
#virtual
192.168.1.12 rac1-vip
192.168.1.13 rac2-vip
#private
192.168.6.118 rac1-priv
192.168.6.119 rac2-priv
#scan
192.168.1.111 rac-scan
192.168.1.112 rac-scan
192.168.1.113 rac-scan
注:vi /etc/sysconfig/network,然后将HOSTNAME后面的值改为想要设置的主机名
service network restart --重启网卡
2.6 生成共享磁盘
在 D:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\VMware Workstation 路径下打开 DOS 窗口
运行如下命令:
vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 2g -a lsilogic -t 2 F:\rac\rac-sharedisk\ocr_voting_disk.vmdk
vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 5g -a lsilogic -t 2 F:\rac\rac-sharedisk\fra_arc_disk.vmdk
vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 5g -a lsilogic -t 2 F:\rac\rac-sharedisk\data_disk.vmdk
2.7 编辑虚拟机配置文件
关闭两台虚拟机,用记事本打开虚拟机名字.wmx(11G RAC1.vmx/11G RAC2.vmx),添加以下内容:
disk.locking = "FALSE"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCacheMinReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0"
scsi1.present = "TRUE"
scsi1.virtualDev = "lsilogic"
scsil.sharedBus = "VIRTUAL"
scsi1:0.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:0.mode = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:0.fileName = "F:\rac\rac-sharedisk\ocr_voting_disk1.vmdk"
scsi1:0.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:0.redo = ""
scsi1:1.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:1.mode = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:1.fileName = "F:\rac\rac-sharedisk\ocr_voting_disk2.vmdk"
scsi1:1.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:1.redo = ""
scsi1:2.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:2.mode = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:2.fileName = "F:\rac\rac-sharedisk\ocr_voting_disk3.vmdk"
scsi1:2.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:2.redo = ""
scsi1:3.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:3.mode = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:3.fileName = "F:\rac\rac-sharedisk\data_disk.vmdk"
scsi1:3.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:3.redo = ""
scsi1:4.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:4.mode = "independent-persistent"
scsi1:4.fileName = "F:\rac\rac-sharedisk\fra_arc_disk.vmdk"
scsi1:4.deviceType = "disk"
scsi1:4.redo = ""
3.安装所需 rpm 包
3.1 本地yum配置
a.放系统光盘到光驱
b.创建光盘挂载目录
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
c.挂载光驱到/mnt/cdrom目录(确保设备状态:已连接/启动时连接)
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom
返回mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载 表示成功
d.检测是否成功
df -h | tail -n 1
e.进入光盘目录查看光盘文件
cd /mnt/cdrom && ls
f.修改yum配置
备份你的原镜像文件,以免出错后可以恢复
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup && mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup/
g.添加一个新的yum源配置文件
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo
添加:
[RHEL]
name=CentOS7
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1
h.清空并重载yum
yum clean all
yum makecache
i.测试yum安装
yum -y install tree
3.2 yum安装依赖包
yum install gcc* binutils* compat* elfutils-libelf-* glibc* ksh* libgcc* libstdc* libaio* make* sysstat* unixODBC* expect* java* xdpy* nfs-utils* ntp* perl*-y
记住此处少一个包,需要下载安装,方法如下:
rpm -e ksh-20100621-19.el6.x86_64 --卸载依赖包
rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm
3.配置用户、组、目录及权限
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
groupadd asmoper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,asmadmin,asmoper grid --添加grid用户
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle --添加oracle用户
echo -n oracle|passwd --stdin grid --修改密码
echo -n oracle|passwd --stdin oracle --修改密码
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
chown grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/
chown grid:oinstall /u01
4.修改系统内核参数
sed -i 's/kernel.shmmax/#kernel.shmmax/g' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i 's/kernel.shmall/#kernel.shmall/g' /etc/sysctl.conf
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
EOF
sysctl -p #提交内核参数
5.两节点资源限制
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
EOF
6./etc/profile配置
cat >> /etc/profile << EOF
if [ \$USER = "oracle" ] || [ \$USER = "grid" ];then
if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
#############################
export PATH=\$PATH:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
#color of grep
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
EOF
7.配置用户环境变量
7.1 grid用户
节点1
cat >> /home/grid/.bash_profile <<EOF
export TMP=/tmp;
export TMPDIR=\$TMP;
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1;
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid;
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid;
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS";
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH;
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;
EOF
节点2
cat >> /home/grid/.bash_profile <<EOF
export TMP=/tmp;
export TMPDIR=\$TMP;
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac2;
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid;
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid;
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS";
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH;
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;
EOF
7.2 oracle用户
节点1
cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile <<EOF
export TMP=/tmp;
export TMPDIR=\$TMP;
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1;
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=prod;
export ORACLE_SID=prod1;
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export PATH=/usr/sbin:\$PATH;
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS";
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;
EOF
节点2
cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile <<EOF
export TMP=/tmp;
export TMPDIR=\$TMP;
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac2;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1;
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=prod;
export ORACLE_SID=prod2;
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export PATH=/usr/sbin:\$PATH;
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS";
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;
EOF
. .bash_profile 或者 source .bash_profile
--环境变量设置生效
8.配置用户等效性
8.1 grid用户等效性
rac1
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
rac2
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
#以上用默认配置,一路回车即可
rac1
cat ~/.ssh/*.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh grid@rac2 cat ~/.ssh/*.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
rac2
cat ~/.ssh/*.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh grid@rac1 cat ~/.ssh/*.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
#建立等效性
rac1,rac2 双节点执行
ssh rac1 date
ssh rac1-priv date
ssh rac2 date
ssh rac2-priv date
8.2 oracle用户等效性
rac1
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
rac2
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
#以上用默认配置,一路回车即可
rac1
cat ~/.ssh/*.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh oracle@rac2 cat ~/.ssh/*.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
rac2
cat ~/.ssh/*.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh oracle@rac1 cat ~/.ssh/*.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
#建立等效性
rac1,rac2 双节点执行
ssh rac1 date
ssh rac1-priv date
ssh rac2 date
ssh rac2-priv date
10.安装并配置 ASM 驱动
10.1 检查内核
[root@rac1 ~]# uname -r
[root@rac1 ~]# uname -a
[root@rac1 ~]# lsb_release -a
2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
10.2 安装包
注意:双节点执行
Oracle ASMlib 下载地址
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/index.html
下载以下 rpm 包(注意 rpm 包版本和 Linux 内核版本一致):
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
执行顺序如下:
rpm -ivh kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
查看oracleasm.ko 的位置
[root@rac1 ~]# cd /lib/modules/
[root@rac1 modules]# ll
11.配置ASM磁盘
11.1 初始化
注意:双节点执行
[root@rac1 ~]# oracleasm configure -i
Default user to own the driver interface []: grid
Default group to own the driver interface []: oinstall
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
[root@rac1 ~]# oracleasm init
Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point: /dev/oracleasm
Loading module "oracleasm": oracleasm
Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm
1.2 磁盘分区
注意:节点1执行即可
fdisk -l
[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-261, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261):
Using default value 261
Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
/dev/sdc,/dev/sdd 执行相同操作
[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk -l --查看分区情况
11.3 创建磁盘
注意:节点1执行即可
[root@rac1 ~]# oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOTE /dev/sdb1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@rac1 ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA /dev/sdc1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@rac1 ~]# oracleasm createdisk FRA /dev/sdd1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
注:若有报错可能原因是selinux阻止访问disk header
修改/etc/selinux/config
注释掉 SELINUX=enforcing
添加 SELINUX=disable
查看状态为:/usr/sbin/sestatus
11.4 扫描asm磁盘
节点1:
[root@rac1 ~]# oracleasm scandisks
Reloading disk partitions: done
Cleaning any stale ASM disks...
Scanning system for ASM disks...
[root@rac1 ~]# oracleasm listdisks
DATA
FRA
OCR_VOTE
节点2:
[root@rac2 ~]# oracleasm scandisks
Reloading disk partitions: done
Cleaning any stale ASM disks...
Scanning system for ASM disks...
Instantiating disk "OCR_VOTE"
Instantiating disk "DATA"
Instantiating disk "FRA"
[root@rac2 ~]# oracleasm listdisks
DATA
FRA
OCR_VOTE
12.安装 cvuqdisk 软件包
find -name cvuqdisk*
1节点:
[root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /software/grid
[root@rac1 ~]# cd /software/grid
[root@rac1 grid]# ll
[root@rac1 grid]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip
[root@rac1 grid]# chown -R grid:oinstall grid/
[root@rac1 rpm]# export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall
[root@rac1 rpm]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
2节点:
[root@rac2 ~]# mkdir -p /software/grid
[root@rac2 ~]# cd /software/grid
[root@rac2 grid]# ll
[root@rac2 grid]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip
[root@rac2 grid]# chown -R grid:oinstall grid/
[root@rac2 rpm]# export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall
[root@rac2 rpm]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
13.安装前检查
[grid@rac1 grid]$ pwd
/software/grid/grid
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -post hwos -n rac1,rac2 -verbose
Checking for multiple users with UID value 0
Result: Check for multiple users with UID value 0 passed
Post-check for hardware and operating system setup was successful
注意:此处若有以下报错,则授权即可
/bin/rm: cannot remove `/tmp/bootstrap': Operation not permitted
./runcluvfy.sh: line 99: /tmp/bootstrap/ouibootstrap.log: Permission denied
[root@rac1 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /tmp/bootstrap
14.安装 Grid Infrastructure
Xmanager软件安装与使用
使用 Xmanager,可以将远程服务器的图形化安装界面显示到宿主机(win7)
Linux 操作系统上安装 Oracle 数据库软件时将会使用到 Xmanager 软件
在启动Xmanager 后就可以调用图形化界面
[grid@rac1 grid]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.2:0.0
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runInstaller
14.1 安装grid
以 root 用户按顺序执行
1.[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2.[root@rac2 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
3.[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
4.[root@rac2 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
11G的BUG处理
CRS-4124: Oracle High Availability Services startup failed. 如何处理?
首先卸载grid软件:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig -force -verbose
重新执行root.sh脚本
在执行Adding daemon to inittab这一步的同时,打开个窗口,
用root用户执行:/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1
配置 root 环境变量
[root@rac1 ~]# vi .bash_profile
export PATH=$PATH:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
. .bash_profile
[root@rac2 ~]# vi .bash_profile
export PATH=$PATH:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
. .bash_profile
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl check crs
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl check crs
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stat res -t
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
15. ASM 磁盘组创建
本次任务将创建 3 个 asm 磁盘组,分别为:DATA,FRA。
其中 DATA 将存放数据库文件;ARC存放归档
在 grid 用户下,执行 asmca,启动 asm 磁盘组创建向导
点击 create 按钮,在弹出的创建界面中填写磁盘组名称,
选择 external(none),并勾选成员,选择完毕后点击 ok
16. 安装数据库软件
16.1 查看服务和资源
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl check crs
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl check crs
[root@rac1 software]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@rac1 software]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
以 oracle 用户登录到节点一,切换到软件安装目录,执行安装
16.2 设置软件目录权限
[root@rac1 software]# chown -R oracle:oinstall database/
16.3 查看软件信息
[oracle@rac1 software]$ cd database
[oracle@rac1 database]$ ll
16.4 安装
以 oracle 用户登录到节点一,切换到软件安装目录,执行安装
[oracle@rac1 database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.2:0.0
[oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller
以 oracle 用户登录到节点一,切换到软件安装目录,执行安装
以 root 用户,在两个节点上执行脚本,执行顺序如下:
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
[root@rac2 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
18.创建 RAC 数据库
19 安装包下载
本文涉及到所有安装包,请通过以下链接下载:
RAC部署安装包下载
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